Refers to:

Production of High-Efficiency Organic Nitrogen Fertilizer from Liquid Digestate

Natural and Life Sciences Communication, Volume 25 Number 1, January 2026, Page 1-17

Online First: November 4, 2025

https://doi.org/10.12982/NLSC.2026.010

Thiva Jamaree and Siriwat Sakhonwasee

The authors regret that an inadvertent error was identified in certain sections of the article, requiring explanation and clarification to the readers. The corrected text is provided below. The authors confirm that this correction does not impact the results, interpretation, or conclusions of the study.

1. Graphical Abstract

In the red circle is the position where the explanation has been revised to be clearer and more accurate than before.

This is the original image on page 1.

This is the revised image with updated information.

2. ABSTRACT

    - The text in the blue box that was removed does not match the information previously corrected by the authors and should be revised to the following sentence: ‘Heating of LD stimulates the conversion of NH_4⁺ to NH₃.’

3. Introduction

The part of the introduction that needs to be revised is on page 2, paragraph 3.

4. Materials and methods

The revisions in this section consist of the following three parts:

1.    The part to be revised is on page 5, under the section ‘Preparation of growing media, plant materials and fertilizer,’ paragraph 3, where ‘Thai Chili Pepper’ should be corrected to ‘Thai chili pepper,’ changing the capital letters C and P to lowercase.

2.    Revise the information in Figure 3 on page 7 by improving the accuracy of the step descriptions highlighted in the red circles.     

This is the original image.

This is the revised image with updated information.

Figure 3. Preparation of fertilizer solution with NH₄⁺-N obtained from liquid digestate.

3.    The part to be revised is on page 7, under the section ‘Other measurements, experimental design and statistical analysis,’ where ‘Thai Chili Pepper’ should be corrected to ‘Thai chili pepper,’ changing the capital letters C and P to lowercase. In addition, the sentence ‘A complete randomized design was used for the experiment’ should be removed, as it is incorrect and redundant with the information already provided on page 5 of Experiment 2.

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5. Results

The revisions in this section consist of the following six parts:

1.    Revise the caption of Figure 5 on page 9 by changing ‘of’ in point 1 to ‘between’ and ‘of’ in point 2 to ‘in.’ The entire revised sentence is as follows: Figure 5. The relationship between pH and the concentrations of (A) CO₂ and (B) NH₄⁺-N in LD solution in LD bottle heated at 90°C through time.

This is the original information on page 9.

2.    Revise the caption of Table 5 on page 9 by changing ‘of’ to ‘concentration in.’ The entire revised sentence is as follows: Table 4. Correlation analysis on time, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, NH₄⁺-N concentration, and CO₂ concentration in LD solution that was boiled at 90°C in LD bottle for 6 hours.”

This is the original information on page 9.

3.    Revise the content on page 10, from the last paragraph through page 11, by changing ‘N-Organic’ to ‘Organic-N’ and ‘N-Chemical’ to ‘Chemical-N’ to ensure consistency with the terminology used in other paragraphs.

This is the original information on page 10-11.

4.    Add explanations of the abbreviations in Figure 7 on page 11 by including ‘DW = Dry weight’ and ‘DAT = Days after transferred.’ The entire revised sentence is as follows: The entire revised sentence is as follows: Figure 7. The effect of organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizers on shoot and root dry weights of lettuce ‘Frillice’, kale, Thai chili pepper and tomato ‘Seeda’ in experiment 2. DW = Dry weight, DAT = Days after transferred, Water = Tap water, MH - N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen, MH + Organic-N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen added with ammonium nitrogen obtained from LD (NH₄⁺-N at concentration of 100 ppm) and MH + Chemical-N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen added with ammonium sulfate (NH₄⁺-N at concentration of 100 ppm).

This is the original information on page 11

5.    Add an explanation of the abbreviation in Figure 8 on page 12 by including ‘DAT = Days after transferred,’ and correct the descriptions in the red circles on the figure as well as the caption, changing ‘N-Organic’ to ‘Organic-N’ and ‘N-Chemical’ to ‘Chemical-N’ to be consistent with the descriptions in other paragraphs using the same terms. The revised sentence and the corrected figure are as follows: Figure 8. Images of representative plants of 'Frillice' lettuce, kale, Thai chili pepper and tomato ‘Seeda’ from all treatments in Experiment 2. DAT = Days after transferred, Water = Tap water, MH-N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen, MH + Organic-N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen added with ammonium nitrogen obtained from LD (NH₄⁺-N at concentration of 100 ppm) and MH + Chemical-N = Modified Hoagland solution without nitrogen added with ammonium sulfate (NH₄⁺-N at concentration of 100 ppm).

This is the original image on page 12

This is the revised image with updated information

6. Revise the explanations of the abbreviations in Table 6 on page 12 by correcting ‘dry weight (DW)’ and ‘Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).’ The revised sentence is as follows: Table 6. The significance level, calculated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the effect of Plant species (A) and Nitrogen source (B) on Shoot dry weight (DW), Root dry weight (DW), Shoot/Root ratio and Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of plants.      

This is the original information on page 12

7.    Revise the caption of Table 7 on page 12 by changing ‘Thai pepper’ to ‘Thai chili pepper,’ correct the incorrect term in the table by changing ‘chemival’ to ‘Chemical,’ and also change the number that does not match the original table, from 0.28 to 9.28. The revised sentence is as follows: Table 7. Independent-sample T-Test of the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of nitrogen fertilizer from LD (Organic-N) and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (Chemical-N) on dry mass of 'Frillice' lettuce, kale, Thai chili pepper and tomato.        

This is the original information on page 12

This is the author’s original table with the numbers correctly indicated.

6. Discussion

The revision in the discussion section is on page 14, paragraph 2.

Remove the sentence ‘Notably, the two-way ANOVA results indicate that’ because it is redundant, and change ‘that’ to ‘suggesting that.’ The revised sentence is as follows: Notably, two-way ANOVA results indicated that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on shoot growth depended on plant species, suggesting that different plant species may exhibit different growth responses to nitrogen fertilizer from LD (Table 7).

This is the original information on page 14, paragraph 2.

7. Conclusion

The revision in the discussion section is on page 14, paragraph 3.

Change ‘plant is suitable for use’ to ‘plant application.’ The revised sentence is as follows: Results from this study suggest that the nitrogen fertilizer obtained from LD is suitable for plant application in organic agriculture.

This is the original information on page 14, paragraph 3.

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Natural and Life Sciences Communications

Chiang Mai University, Thailand. https://cmuj.cmu.ac.th